Tor 是一个由虚拟通道组成的网络环境，可以大幅度提高自己在互联网上的隐私和安全性。Tor 会将流量通过 Tor 网络内的三个随机的服务器（也称节点）发送。链路中的最后一个中继（即“出口节点”）将流量发送到公共互联网。
大致节点架构图如下：
绿色的中间服务器代表了Tor网络中的中继，三个密钥代表用户和每个中继之前的加密层。
Onion services 洋葱服务（以前称为“hidden services”）是只能通过 Tor 网络访问的服务（如网站）。
与非私有网络上的普通服务相比，洋葱服务具有以下几个优势：
- 洋葱服务的位置和 IP 地址是隐藏的，使攻击者难以审查它们或识别其运营商。
- Tor 用户和洋葱服务之间的所有流量都是端到端加密的，因此您无需担心通过 HTTPS 进行连接。
- 洋葱服务地址自动生成，运营商无需购买域名；.onion URL 还帮助 Tor 确保它连接到正确的位置并且连接没有被篡改。
如何访问洋葱服务（Onion services）
访问洋葱服务，需要洋葱浏览器，这里是下载链接 https://www.torproject.org/ （需要翻墙）
就像任何其他网站一样，我们需要知道洋葱服务的地址才能连接到它。洋葱地址是一串 16 位（在 V3 格式中为 56 位），大部分是随机字母和数字，后面跟“.onion”。
当访问使用洋葱服务的网站时，Tor 浏览器将在 URL 栏中显示一个洋葱图标，显示您的连接状态：安全和使用洋葱服务。您可以通过查看电路显示了解有关您正在访问的洋葱站点的更多信息。
Onion-Location 是一个非标准的 HTTP 标头，网站可以使用它来允许对其进行申明。
如何搭建一个洋葱服务（Onion services）
Onion服务其实就是一种特定的方式的部署与请求而已
请求方需要使用 tor browser
响应方 需要使用 tor 的 hidden_service
下面将详细介绍如何把 Tor 部署到服务器，并在洋葱浏览器进行访问，这里大体分为三步：
- 搭建 Nginx
- 搭建 Tor Services
- 访问页面
搭建 Nginx
这里选用的是腾讯云香港的服务器（注意，国内屏蔽了 Tor 服务，所以搭建 Onion Service 服务器本身必须在境外）
安装 Nginx
yum install nginx
配置 Nginx
vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
重点是看看 root 目录在哪块，比如我这边默认安装的是 /usr/share/nginx/html
启动 Nginx
service nginx restart
搭建 Tor
安装 Tor （腾讯云默认yum源是有的，如果没有可以用 rpm命令更新源）
yum install tor
配置 Tor
vim /etc/tor/torrc
然后将 conf 文件中的 IP 注释删掉，并更新为自己的
HiddenServiceDir /var/lib/tor/hidden_service/ HiddenServicePort 80 instanceIP:80
启动 Tor
service tor start
查看 hostname（tor 不同于传统服务搭建，我们可以通过命令行直接查到当前服务唯一生成的 .onion 地址）
cd /var/lib/tor/hidden_service/ cat hostname
验证并访问页面
修改HTML文件，打开浏览器并验证服务状态：
cd /usr/share/nginx/html vim index.html
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